Investors who took a hit last
year when dozens of U.S. shale producers filed for bankruptcy are already
making big new bets on the industry's resurgence.
In the first quarter, private
equity funds raised $19.8 billion for energy ventures - nearly three times the
total in the same period last year, according to financial data provider
Preqin.
The quickening pace of
investments from private equity, along with hedge funds and investment banks,
comes even as the recovery in oil prices from an 8-year low has stalled at just
over $50 per barrel amid a stubborn global supply glut.
The shale sector has become
increasingly attractive to investors not because of rising oil prices, but
rather because producers have achieved startling cost reductions - slashing up
to half the cost of pumping a barrel in the past two years. Investors also
believe the glut will dissipate as demand for oil steadily rises.
That gives financiers confidence
that they can squeeze increasing returns from shale fields - without price
gains - as technology continues to cut costs. So they are backing shale-oil
veterans and assembling companies that can quickly start pumping.
"Shale funders look at the economics
today and see a lot of projects that work in the $40 to $55 range" per
barrel of oil, said Howard Newman, head of private equity fund Pine Brook Road
Partners, which last month committed to invest $300 million in startup Admiral
Permian Resources LLC to drill in West Texas.
Data on investments by hedge
funds and other nonpublic investment firms is scant, but the rush of new
private equity money indicates broader enthusiasm in shale plays.
"Demand for oil has been
more robust than anyone imagined three years ago," said Mark Papa, chief
executive of Centennial Resource Development Inc.
Papa referred to the beginning of
an international oil price crash in 2014, which took many firms in the shale
sector to the brink of bankruptcy.
Centennial is a Permian oil
producer backed by private equity fund Riverstone. Papa, a well-known shale
industry entrepreneur, built EOG Resources Inc into one of the most profitable
U.S. shale producers before he retired in 2013.
The chance to further develop the
Permian, he said, was enough for him to come out of retirement to deliver one
of its bigger recent successes. The value of Riverstone's original $500 million
investment has grown nearly four times since Centennial's initial public
offering last fall.
'A TON OF PRIVATE CAPITAL'
Riverstone this year copied the
Centennial model, putting experienced managers atop a startup charged with
acquiring operations or assets. The equity fund hired Jim Hackett - the former
head of shale producer Anadarko Petroleum Corp - to run the newly created
Silver Run Acquisition Corp II.
Hedge funds Highfields Capital
Management LP and Adage Capital Management have taken stakes in the new
company, which has a valuation of about $1 billion after going public last
month.
Private equity fund NGP Natural
Resources XI LP invested $524 million last fall in Luxe Energy LLC, a shale
producer formed in 2015 by former Statoil executives.
NGP's investment was effectively
a bet that Luxe could repeat its success of early 2016.
Then, NGP contributed about $250 million
to Luxe, which used the money to acquire land in the Permian - and sold it
seven months later for a double-digit profit.
This year's drilling rush could
be tested if global supplies grow too fast or if demand cools. The U.S.
drilling rig count is rising at its fastest pace in six years and U.S. crude
stockpile are close to 533 million barrels - near an all-time high and enough
to supply the United States for 25 days.
But some investors say even a
decline of $10 in the oil price would not dissuade them.
"There is a ton of private
capital to invest in the U.S. oil industry," said Gerrit Nicholas,
co-founder of private equity fund Orion Energy Partners.
Nicholas said he is comfortable
lending even if oil prices fall to $40 per barrel.
Orion this month helped finance
the expansion of a Florida oil-storage terminal, a move predicated in part on
growth in U.S. oil exports. Since the U.S. lifted its oil export ban last year,
crude exports have climbed to about 746,000 barrels per day, according to U.S.
Energy Information Administration data.
BETTING ON OPEC'S SELF-INTEREST
The oil industry has seen
boom-and-bust cycles since the first well was drilled about 160 years ago, and
industry and government have sought to tame the volatility for just as long.
Texas regulators set output
quotas from the 1920s through the 1970s, a practice that served as a model for
the creation of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The U.S. boom has caused concern
among OPEC member nations ahead of its meeting next month in Vienna, where they
will consider extending oil production cuts that first took effect in January.
Investors believe the cartel's members will extend the cuts because it is in
OPEC's financial interest to prevent a steep drop in oil prices.
That likely will keep money
flowing to nimble U.S. oil producers and the companies that provide them with
services and equipment. Investors see the United States as the new swing
producer, having the ability to quickly increase supply in response to any sudden
increase in demand.
"The U.S., with its
substantial inventory capacity and swing oil producer status, should see strong
onshore activity for the next few years," said Charlie Leykum, founder of
private equity fund CSL Capital Management LLC, in an interview.
CSL has invested in several
oilfield service business in the past year. It partnered with Goldman Sachs and
Baker Hughes Inc, for instance, to create a shale services company.
Centennial's Papa expects the
flood of fresh capital to push U.S. production up 23 percent to 11.3 million
barrels a day (bpd) by 2020, based on strong demand for oil.
"We're still in a
hydrocarbon-based economy," said Papa.
Click
here for the original article from Reuters.